All (but a small number) of exceptional masculine & neuter nouns that end with the -e suffix (which is 90% feminine). The German in these books was in old script and everything! NOTE: just as for feminine nouns ending in -nis, the ‘s’ must be doubled before the -e. das Bild (picture) → die Bilderdas Buch (book) → die Bücherdas Kleid (dress) → die Kleiderdas Kind (child) → die Kinder. to read. I practice German cases sentences to learn by heart, but I have stumbled across a form that I don't think it is so common. Are you reading a book? Most masculine & neuter nouns take the -e plural (masculine nouns also take an umlaut about 50% of the time). flash → flashes. And there's not really any rule to give you a clue which one you should use, so you have to memorize the plural … add -e + umlaut: ~ ½ (generally monosyllabic) masculine nouns that could be umlauted, add -(e)n: all masculine nouns that end with -e and a handful of others, add -er + umlaut: only ~12 masculine nouns. Anything that you can put the word the or in German der, die, das in front of, is a noun (der Baum, das Wasser, die Limonade). Certain suffixes (i.e. Other nouns taking this plural form include das Bett (bed) → die Betten and das Herz (heart) → die Herzen. add -e: ~ ¾ of all neuter nouns, incl. adding -s or -es makes a noun plural. BUT if you couldn’t remember the gender of Licht, but you do recall that the plural is Lichter, you can then still know that this monosyllable must get off at this Train Stop and that — if you work backwards — it must be a neuter monosyllable because neuter monosyllables take the -er & umlaut [whenever possible] plural. We need to be able to talk about any number of men, children, trees, dogs and more! Bonus: now we have fewer plural endings to learn! Of course, now we have the opposite scenario: nouns in German that are used in their singular form that have English equivalents in the plural. Structure: lesen + [accusative] (what is read). It follows certain verbs and prepositions. The -s plural is also used after family names, colloquially, and with acronyms and abbreviations. what happens in English & German when no regular singular and/or plural forms exist. Rather, we say pieces of advice. Learn language within context is huge! Exception: ~45 feminine monosyllables (and compound nouns that end with –brunst, -flucht, -kunft) take the -e + umlaut plural. add -e: just those feminine nouns that end with -nis or -sal, add -e + umlaut: ~30 feminine monosyllables with ‘a’ or ‘u’ (& about ⅔ end with a -t sound). Ich lese gern Bücher I like to read books. And all feminine nouns — whether monosyllables or nouns that end with one of the 15 most common feminine suffixes — get off at this 2nd Train Stop! There are only about 24 of these nouns at all, and only about half of them so common they’re worth memorizing (jump to the exceptions list (1A) list here). The accusative case is used for the thing or person receiving the action of a verb. NOTE: also compound nouns ending with -brunst, -flucht, and -kunft (<– note the ‘u’ vowels and the ‘t’ endings!) Then, of course, we have some plurals that are actually quite different, such as child → children, goose → geese, mouse → mice, tooth → teeth, person → people. English language has generally two forms of plural nouns i.e. For example, der Strauß means either ostrich OR bouquet, but the plurals are die Strauße (ostriches) and die Straüße (bouquet). piece. Here you can not only inflect Kind but also all German nouns. If you memorize a smattering of rules/guidelines and some short lists of key exceptions, you can be a master of German plurals! But NOT to monosyllables such as Bad, Kind, and Boot because they look but don’t sound English. One way is to add -er at the end of the noun and change the article to die. Certain suffixes (<– always on polysyllabic nouns) always* take the same plural, regardless of the noun’s gender: With these 4 hierarchical rules, you’ll have German plurals wrapped up! die Bank — die Banken (banks), die Bänke (benches)der Effekt — die Effekte (results), die Effekten (valuables)die Mutter — die Mütter (mothers), die Muttern (nuts, for bolts)das Wort — die Wörter (countable words, as in ‘there are many words in this article’), die Worte (collection of words, as in a saying or the phrase ‘thank you for your kind words’), *feminine nouns ending with -er, or -el DO take the -(e)n plural (<– with no ‘e’). Some nouns are always plural in English, but singular in German. Junior Member : Join Date: Dec 2011. Remember that, in German, both the spelling of the word and the article preceding the word can change depending on whether it is in the nominative, accusative, genitive, or dative case. das Fenster (window) → die Fenster das Kissen (pillow) → die Kissen das Mädchen (girl) → die Mädchen das Büchlein (little book) → die Büchlein, Das Kloster (cloister) → die Klöster das Wasser (water) → die Wässer, das Bein (leg) → die Beine das Jahr (year) → die Jahre das Verbot (prohibition) → die Verbote das Zeugnis (witness) → die Zeugnisse. She’s going for a walk with the children. Is your noun a monosyllable? NOTE that feminine persons with the -in ending in the singular double that ‘n’ before adding on the -en plural ending, e.g. Most feminine nouns take the -(e)n plural (a good 90% of the time). Prepare yourself. In German, plural nouns are formed in a ton of different ways. In German there are different ways to form the plural. There are 2 plural forms that feminine nouns don’t use at all and over 90% of all feminine nouns use the same plural form. In English we usually make nouns plural by adding an. Nouns that go plural with – er are mostly masculine or neuter when singular. The so-called ‘strong’ endings (e.g. Most English noun plurals are formed just by adding an -(e)s: table → tables, glass → glasses. The noun Kind is declined with the declension endings es/er. Notes: an umlaut is added in the plural wherever possible (so, on any a, o, or u). endings) always* take the same plural, regardless of noun gender. There are several different ways to make a noun plural in German. Since you clearly want to master German noun plurals, let’s cover some other special situations and you will be SET! For instance, Elefant would get off here and take the -en plural. NOTE: there are more noun endings, but they either don’t consistently take the same plural form OR they are covered by another rule down the pipeline. The declension of the noun Eltern is in singular genitive -and in the plural nominative Eltern. As you will see, many of them are words from other languages, and it is common for such words to form their plural by adding. Most English noun plurals are formed just by adding an -(e)s: table → tables, glass → glasses. 3. If you can better understand WHY the plural form is what it is, it will be easier to commit that information to memory. If you know the gender of your monosyllable and/or if it’s one on a list of monosyllables exceptions, you will have greater accuracy in picking the right plural form. The noun Eltern is declined with the declension endings /-. German has four cases, nominative , accusative , … The verb "lesen" means:. There are many foreign-loan words that take and ‘s’ in the plural, just like in English — how nice! But for your purposes and mine — to speak everyday German with everyday Germans — it’s best to learn these versions (so we don’t sound hoity-toity). It is hard to find general rules that are valid in all cases and to say which nouns have which plural endings – and it is even harder to remember these rules and apply them. most polysyllabic ones, add -er + umlaut: ~ ¼ of (mostly monosyllabic) neuter nouns, 1. die Freundin (female friend; girlfriend) → die Freundinnen. In most instances, English and German use plural forms (e.g. To write this guide for you, I ended up nerding out on a major German noun plurals rabbit hole. single syllable vs. multi-syllable), most nouns that have accented final syllables will be take an -e plural, most single-syllable nouns will take an -e + umlaut plural, nouns with multiple plurals that mean different things, plural nouns that don’t have English equivalents, about 60% of nouns ending with -el, -er, -en (feminine -el & -er take -n plural), feminine/neuter nouns ending with -nis or -sal, many masculine nouns with the endings (often stressed) -är, -ar, -ig, -an, -al, -or, -on, (often foreign-origin) nouns ending with -a, -i, -o, -u, or -y, nouns with any of the feminine suffixes (e.g. One of the benefits of this system are that you simultaneously work with various aspects of nouns, whether gender, spelling, or number of syllables. Here you can not only inflect Eltern but also all German nouns. Making matters worse, there is a lack of consensus on even how many different plural forms there are (5? For nouns, specifically, then, I recommend you reserve several pages of your nouns section for each of the 6 regular plural forms and a 7th for the -s plural form. We don’t say ‘wow! Location: Zurich. It is hard to find general rules that are valid in all cases and to say which nouns have which plural endings – and it is even harder to remember these rules and apply them. Many translated example sentences containing "Kinder" – English-German dictionary and search engine for English translations. If your noun in question doesn’t fit the bill for Train Stop #2, then you keep riding to Train Stop #3. NOTE the doubled ‘s’: die Erkenntnis (insight) → die Erkenntnisse, die Kuh (cow) → die Kühedie Nacht (night) → die Nächtedie Hand (hand) → die Händedie Nuss (nut)→ die Nüsse. It does not form singulars. Think of these rules as being ‘train stops’. Some nouns do not have any plural endings. die Ferien for holidays) in the same way. Some of the masculine monosyllables that take this weak -(e)n plural include Schmerz (pain), Fleck (stain), Nerv (nerve), and Zeh (toe). Suffixes are king! das Auge (eye) → die Augen, das Interesse (interest)→ die Interessen. Some (but not all — just to keep us on our toes) ‘f’s also change to ‘v’s: wife → wives, wolf → wolves. This way, you can either hopefully recall the gender of the monosyllable (and so pick the correct plural ending) OR — if you can remember the correct plural form of the noun — you can actually work backwards to know the gender of the singular form of the noun! I saw many flashes of lightning!” is an acceptable phrase in English. Some of these nouns exist only in singular form: der Besitz — possessionsdie Brille — eyeglassesdie Hose — pantsder Lohn — wagesdie Politik — politicsder Pyjama — pyjamasdie Zange — tongs. Exceptions: there are some nouns that have adopted native plurals, e.g. feminine monosyllables) at Train Stop #2 for simplicity’s sake (i.e. The government has to take the population’s fears seriously. In this sentence, the plural form of Kind reflects the case with an n. I don't think I have seen so many n at the end of words in plural dative. information or knowledge). Here’s our explanation If you know the gender of the singular noun, you can accurately predict the correct plural about 80% of the time (<– very good reason to learn nouns with their genders!). Wow! Thread Tools: Display Modes #1 05.01.2014, 16:00 Simon81. For example, the ‘no change’ category has an important list of exceptions (with the only change being the adding of an umlaut). In German, the genitive case serves several functions beyond indicating possession, and, like the nominative, accusative, and dative cases, it is marked by pronouns, articles and adjective endings. It’s possible to calculate the categories of German noun plurals differently, but for our purposes, we’ll say there are these 6 regular categories because these cover the majority of nouns. Sharing or using these images in public or commercially is prohibited. Both masculine and neuter singular nouns also receive endings, but neither feminine singular nouns nor any plural … TIP: 70% of nouns that end with -nis or -sal are neuter, but they also take an -e plural! So, in the following, we will analyze the different rules for forming the German plurals. Feigling would get off and take the -e plural. But males such as Professor, Held (hero), Diplomat, Polizist (police officer), and Narr (fool) would get off here at Train Stop #2. If you were to use the plural in German — die Archiven — that would mean multiple buildings of archives. There are some unusual plural nouns in German which don’t follow any pattern. The carpenter is making new legs for the chairs. (Viele Leute reisen jedes Jahr nach Deutschland.). English Translation of “Kind” | The official Collins German-English Dictionary online. Maybe we have a leg up on German plurals after all. Note that nouns ending in -o, -i, and -u take an ‘s’ plural. For example, if you can remember that it’s DAS Licht (light), then you can correctly know that that noun needs to get off here at Train Stop #4 and take the -er & umlaut plural ending: Lichter (lights). Masculine and neuter plural nouns ending in -e, -er or ̈-er, Co-ordinating conjunctions with two parts. So. These nouns are only used in the plural in German to mean more than one pair. : das Auge (eye), das Interesse (interest), der Buchstabe (alphabet letter), der Funke (spark). das Cello → die Cellos, das Konto → die Kontos). 9?). 1. Bett (bed) → BettenFakt (fact) → Fakten*Fleck (spot, stain) → FleckenHemd (shirt) → HemdenHerz (heart) → Herzen*Nerv (nerve) → NervenOhr (ear) → Ohren*Staat (state) → Staaten*Zeh (toe) → Zehen, Bad (bath) → BäderBlatt (page, leaf) → BlätterBild (picture) → BilderBrett (board) → BretterBuch (book) → BücherDach (roof) → Dächer Dorf (village) → DörferFach (subject; compartment) → Fächer*Geist (spirit) → GeisterGlas (glass) → Gläser*Gott (god) → GötterHaus (house) → HäuserHolz (wood) → HölzerHorn (horn) → HörnerKind (child) → KinderKleid (dress) → KleiderKraut (herb) → KräuterLicht (light) → LichterLied (song) → LiederLoch (hole) → Löcher*Mann (man) → Männer*Mund (mouth) → MünderNest (nest) → NesterRad (wheel) → Räder*Rand (edge) → RänderSchild (sign) → SchilderTal (valley) → Täler*Wald (forest) → WälderWort (word) → Wörter*Wurm (worm) → Würmer, *Arm (arm) → Arme*Hund (dog)→ Hunde*Punkt (point) → PunkteSchaf (sheep) → SchafeJahr (year) → Jahre, *Diamant (diamond) → Diamanten*Elefant (elephant) → Elefanten*Hydrant → Hydrantendas Insekt (insect) → Insekten*Komet (comet) → Kometen*Konsonant (consonant) → Konsonanten*Magnet → Magneten*Planet → Planeten. Some of the foreign loan-word nouns that I’ll list here with -en plurals do have other, formal plurals that are still used in academic literature, etc. There are 6 main types German plurals: -e, -(e)n, -er, -e + umlaut, -s, and no change. Es gibt ein kleines Problem mit den Kuchen. We are happy to just add a simple –s. The -(e)n plural ending is considered German’s ‘weak’ plural ending because there’s a lot of gravity toward using it. masculine polysyllables that are very ‘German’ looking, e.g. Many nouns have no plural ending – these are mostly masculine or neuter singular nouns ending in -en, -er or -el. Gender info is included in the color — handy! nouns with multiple plurals (and different meanings!). Then, give your noun the -(e)n plural! NOTE: I will exclude the add -s category from this analysis and talk about it later HERE. If you're tired of looking up each new word in a dictionary to find the plural, then this site is … NOTE: I say BLUE just because that is the color that I randomly chose for myself when I first started learning German at age 14. For our purposes here, I will list 6 categories and some exceptions. It marks the direct object by changing the article or adding an -n to some masculine nouns. English lost case during the last few hundred years*. This graphic alone successfully covers the bulk of German nouns; but if you combine it with memorizing short exception lists (there are some exceptions to every rule, of course! Check out this example with die Flitterwochen (honeymoon). das Cello → die Celli, das Konto (account) → die Konten), but frequently take a simple -s plural in colloquial German (e.g. Singular Plural; Nominative: das Kind: die Kinder: Genetive: des Kindes: der Kinder: Dative: dem Kind: den Kindern: Acusative: das Kind: die Kinder × Werbung entfernen Is "Kindern" the plural of "Kind" in German ? At each ‘train stop’, you have to ask yourself a question or two about the noun in question to know whether it needs to ‘get off the train’ at that stop OR if it needs to keep traveling. Unfortunately for those of us learning German, this part of the German language is crazy. The shop had a large selection of tables. One instance that it IS very recommendable to memorize the gender and/or plural of each individual noun is if that noun is a monosyllable. The noun can also be used with other genus and other articles. To break it down for you for plurals specifically, here you go: However, the smarter-not-harder way is to relate the gender AND plural form to the hard-and-fast rules (or, in some cases, guidelines) that I’ve spelled out for you here. The nominative case—in both German and in English—is the subject of a sentence. German has many forms of plural nouns. Management, Handout, Meeting, Ticket. Mikrophon (microphone), Formular (form), that have to keep traveling, too. What do you think of the prices of the cars? das Elektron → die Elektronen. But in German, a distinction is drawn between one and multiple. Click on one of the links below to learn more noun declension in German grammar. For English speakers, the plural in German is exasperating. Meine Mutter ist Architektin. The term nominative comes from Latin and means to name (think of \"nominate\"). and get off here instead. At this point in our process, any noun that didn’t meet the criteria to get off the train at the previous stops #1-4 must get off here! Read the Digging Deeper section below more info on my plurals rule hierarchy; for specific masculine, feminine, and neuter plurals examples (& common exceptions); and for more details on German noun plurals hacks! Note that there isn’t necessarily a plural version in German at all! Find more German words at wordhippo.com! Meaning of "lesen" in German. In this article, we’d like to explain to you every single rule about German plural you should know. For example, if you learn the word die Blume (flower) and its plural, die Blumen, you can reinforce either that the vast majority of feminine nouns take the -(e)n plural AND/OR the principle that polysyllabic nouns (regardless of gender) tend to take the -(e)n plural. Working with this graphic of hierarchical plurals rules in the form of ‘Train Stops’ is more effective than working strictly with the gender of the singular noun or any other isolated principle. Sometimes we have to change letters, such as ‘y’ to ‘i’ as in baby → babies before adding on the -(e)s plural. –ist from Polizist). Unsere Flitterwochen waren [plural noun-verb agreement] in Frankreich. Notice, then, that the males getting off at Train Stop #2 include monosyllables and also a lot of nouns of foreign origin. The battle went a couple rounds, with Johnson's daughter krumping and busting out all kinds of moves with an exceptional amount of sass. By the way, do you know how to recognize a noun? which suffix the noun has), how long the noun is (e.g. This is the most common way to form a plural—simply add an -e to the end of the word, much like how we add an “s” in English!
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